1. Draw a simple diagram of a
1. Draw a simple diagram of a prokaryotic ribosome, showingwhere the mRNA fits and the three grooves/sites inside. Be sure tolabel each of the subunits with their correct sizes (in S). Thenanswer the questions below using the diagram and what you knowabout translation.
a.How does the mRNA know where to bindonto the ribosome?
b.Which factor keeps the ribosomalsubunits separate before translation begins? ______
c.Which factor guides the initiatortRNA to the correct site? ______
d.Which site on the ribosome does thefirst charged tRNA enter? _______
e.What amino acid (remember, we’re inprokaryotes) is it carrying? _______
f.Which site do charged tRNAs normallyenter? _______
g.Describe the process of elongation,including which factors are useful for which tasks.
h.Out of which site does the growingpolypeptide chain emerge? _______
i.Which codons signal to the ribosometo stop translation? ______ ______ ______
j.What molecule is responsible for“recharging” tRNAs? _________
Answer:
a. Translation is the process in which a protein is synthesizedfrom the information contained in a molecule of messenger RNA(mRNA). During translation, an mRNA sequence is read using thegenetic code, which is a set of rules that defines how an mRNAsequence is to be translated into the 20-letter code of aminoacids, which are the building blocks of proteins. The genetic codeis a set of three-letter combinations of nucleotides called codons,each of which corresponds with a specific amino acid or stopsignal.
b. 3 factor works on prokaryotic translation which is IF-1,IF-2, IF-3.
c. Formylmethionine guide to t-RNA to bind on it.
d. The A site is the point of entry for the aminoacyltRNA.
i. Codon which stop translation is knwon as termination codonwhich are UAG, UAA, or UGA.
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