Match the terms with the follo

Match the terms with the following descriptions:population sample population size sample size populationmean sample mean variance standard deviation alpha null hypothesisalternative hypothesis degrees of freedom hypothesized mean p-valuet-statisticThe set of data for ALL individuals or items of interest., e.g.everyone in the world, the entire of Texas, all of our customers,etc. __________Data you take randomly from the population because it’s too costlyor not feasible to measure the entire population. A subset of thepopulation. __________The count of ALL the objects, people, or things in the entirepopulation.__________The total number or count of ALL individuals or items of interestin the dataset in a subset of the population.__________The true average of the entire population, which is rarely known.However, the sample mean can be used as a close substitute for thatof the entire population’s. The symbol for this term is useful whenwriting the null and alternative hypotheses to remind us why we usestatistics: to infer about the population from random samples.__________The average of all values in a subset of the population. It iscalculated by taking the sum of all values in a sample and dividingby the sample size and can be used as an estimate of the populationmean.__________A measure of dispersion around the mean equal to the positivesquare root of the variance. It tells us how large a differencefrom the mean can be expected in the data. A low number indicatesthat most of the data are near the mean. A high number means thatthe data is spread out.__________A measure of dispersion around the mean. It is the average of thesquared distances between an observation and the mean. A highnumber indicates the data is spread out across a wide range ofvalues. A Low number indicates the data is bunched around the meanvalue. __________The level of significance needed to reject the null hypothesis. Itis the maximum allowable probability of false negative, where thenull hypothesis is rejected when it is in fact true. This value isset by the investigator of the hypotheses. For example, if you wantto be 95% confident in your statistical conclusions, you have alevel of significance of 5%. __________A speculated value for the population average used in the nullhypothesis. In a one-sample t-test this is the benchmark value thatthe sample mean is compared against. __________The default hypothesis to be tested. This hypothesis is rejectedwhen the p-value is below the desired level of significance.__________If the null hypothesis is rejected, this other hypothesis isconfirmed. For example, in the legal principle “innocent untilproven guilty”, innocent is the null hypothesis and guilty is thisother hypothesis. __________The observed level of significance for a test statistic. Assumingthe null hypothesis is true, it is the probability of observing atest statistic equal to or larger than the one obtained from thesample. This value is what is returned by the T.DIST.2T or T.TESTfunction in Excel. __________The number of observations minus the number of statistics needed toestimate a population parameter. For example, the sample varianceis an estimate of the population variance and requires onestatistic, the sample mean, to be calculated. This number is usedin calculating the t-statistic and thereby the p-value.__________A standardized measure of the distance between two means. It is theratio of the difference between two means and their standard error.It is an input for the calculation of the p-value, which determinessignificance.__________